Improving health system performance is a priority for policy-makers. As the population ages and the burden of chronic disease grows, governments are spending more on health-care provision.

Unpredictable and catastrophic threats such as pandemics, extreme weather events and sociopolitical crises require resilient and adaptable health systems. Therefore, policy-makers need reliable and timely information to identify the strengths and weakness of health systems and a broad evidence base to help them shape policy approaches to achieve health system goals.