The European Health Report is produced every 3 years as a flagship publication by the WHO Regional Office for Europe. This edition is based on the indicators included in the WHO European Programme of Work, 2020–2025 – “United Action for Better Health” measurement framework. This 2024 Report finds that the health of the people in the WHO European Region continues to be negatively affected by an accumulation of hard-to-tackle threats and new hazards that require our urgent attention in the aftermath of the coronavirus disease (‎COVID-19)‎ pandemic. The new European Programme of Work, which will come into effect in 2026, will be the main policy tool for the Region, outlining how WHO and the Member States will address the challenges identified in this European Health Report 2024. How the findings of the Report can inform the new European Programme of Work will be further elaborated in an accompanying evidence-for-policy action brief.