Primary healthcare provider networks (PHCPNs) are increasingly recognized as promising strategies to effectively strengthen health systems in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is limited information on the influence PHCPNs may have on the process and clinical outcomes of health services. This study sought to answer the questions: what is the extent, range, and nature of research on PHCPNs in LMICs, what are the types of PHCPNs described, and what are the processes, e.g. access to care, coverage of health services, quality of care and services, safety of care, and the clinical care
outcomes of PHCPNs reported in the published literature.