Maintaining high levels of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a challenge across settings and populations. Understanding the relative importance of different barriers to adherence will help inform the targeting of different interventions and future research priorities.

Community-based delivery of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV, including ART initiation, clinical and laboratory monitoring, and refills, could reduce barriers to treatment and improve viral suppression, reducing the gap in access to care for individuals who have detectable HIV viral load, including men who are less likely than women to be virally suppressed. The aim to test the effect of community-based ART delivery on viral suppression among people living with HIV not on ART.

An unblinded, home-randomized trial (DO ART) of community-based ART administration compare with the clinic in rural and peri-urban settings in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and Sheema District, Uganda.