Health literacy empowers patients by enabling shared decision-making with the health team, yet gaps in this process are linked to unfavorable clinical outcomes. The WHO highlights the importance of understanding how individuals acquire and apply health knowledge before designing health promotion strategies. The article explores these aspects, analyzing barriers and facilitators in patients’ knowledge acquisition. This research aligns with the WHO Primary Health Care framework by emphasizing patient empowerment and active participation, providing insights to enhance targeted interventions and improve health outcomes.