Population health management can play a critical role in strengthening primary health care (PHC) by providing a data-driven, people-centred and proactive approach to managing the health and well-being of a defined population. By identifying subgroups with similar characteristics and needs, population health management can enable PHC providers to move from a one-size-fits-all approach to targeted and tailored interventions that account for the needs of different groups and individuals. By focusing on the social determinants of health and psychosocial needs, population health management can help PHC providers in adopting a holistic and proportionate universalism approach to address health inequalities at the community level. This publication identifies key success factors at the system, organizational and clinical levels to enable population health management in PHC. It includes 12 country examples from across the WHO European Region showing how population health management is used in PHC. The publication provides a set of 16 policy actions to help PHC providers move towards a population health management approach that are classified following the PHC levers of the WHO Operational Framework for Primary Health Care.