The study evaluates Ethiopia’s Primary Health Care (PHC) system using the WHO monitoring framework. PHC, essential for achieving Universal Health Coverage (UHC), has made significant progress in Ethiopia due to political commitment and initiatives like the national health extension package. However, major challenges remain, including lack of service integration, limited resources, unequal distribution of infrastructure and health workers, and weak governance. The study concludes that by addressing these issues, Ethiopia can strengthen and build on the gains made in its PHC system.